Moral Intuition
نویسنده
چکیده
Suppose we wish to understand a particular moral problem – for example, abortion. One way of proceeding is to reason on the basis of our existing substantive moral beliefs. We may, however, suspect that our moral beliefs about abortion, insofar as we have any prior to serious reflection, are unreliable. We may suspect, for example, that our beliefs about abortion reflect the influence of a religious education that we now repudiate, or that our feminist sympathies may make us insufficiently sensitive to the status of the fetus. Thus we may take as our starting point certain related moral beliefs about which we are more confident – for example, that killing an unthreatening, morally innocent, adult human being (or “person,” for the sake of brevity) whose continued life would be worth living is, except perhaps in the most extreme circumstances, seriously wrong, while painlessly killing a lower nonhuman animal (for example, a mouse) may be permissible provided that the interests that are thereby served outweigh those of the animal that would be frustrated by its death. There is, of course, divergence of opinion even about these cases. Some people believe that intentionally killing a person can never be justified, while others believe that it can be justified whenever it is necessary to save the lives of a greater number of innocent people. And, while some believe that there is no objection whatever to killing a mouse independently of the effects this might have on human interests, others believe that killing a mouse is seriously objectionable just because of the effect on the mouse and requires a strong justification in order to be permissible. Nevertheless, everyone agrees that, in ordinary circumstances, killing a person is more objectionable morally than killing a mouse.
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تاریخ انتشار 2013